MEASUREMENT OF TRANSMISSION LOSS IN SINGLE MODE FIBER OPTIC DUE TO MACROBENDING BY USING OPTICAL TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETER (OTDR)

Ruri Agung Wahyuono^*, Apriani Kusumawardhani^*, Aninda Maharani^**

^* Jurusan Teknik Fisika, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya

^** PT. PLN (Persero) Proyek Pembangkit dan Jaringan Bali Nusa Tenggara

Email: ruri_tf014@yahoo.com, apri@ep.its.ac.id, anin9387@yahoo.co.id 

ABSTRACT

In the optical fiber communication system small radius curvature of an optical fiber cable is potentially serious problem in power loss and further lead to the outbreak of fiber optics. It’s necessary to measure the effect of optical fiber curvature to the resulting power loss when the optical fiber is curved. Power loss can be evaluated in time domain using the OTDR. The process of data capture power loss due to bending (bending loss) carried out using Agilent E6000 Series Mini-OTDR at bending location 50m and 75m with three variations of the bending radius and five variations of loops. Agilent E6000 Series Mini-OTDR has been calibrated with OTDR Yokogawa AQ 7275 at bending location 75m. The results obtained from the eksperiment are a linear relationship between power loss to the number of loops and the exponential relationship between the bending loss to the bending radius and it is suitable with the theory. Minimum bending radius should bigger than 7 mm in order the power loss is less than 0.003dB/m.

Key words: Bending loss, bending radius, number of loop, OTDR

Study on Dry Heat Loss of a Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Newborn Nursed in an Infant Incubator with Overhead Screen

Ruri Agung Wahyuono¹⁾ Ridho Hantoro²⁾ Gunawan Nugroho³⁾

Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim 60111, Surabaya, Indonesia

email: r_agung_w@ep.its.ac.id¹⁾, hantoro@ep.its.ac.id²⁾, gunawan@ep.its.ac.id³⁾

Abstract   -   The thermal comfort is important aspect for keeping very low birth weight (VLBW) newborn warm. Incubator should provide neutral temperature environment to achieve the thermal comfort so that the newborn won’t suffer hypothermia due to higher heat losses. Additional overhead screen might help toward a better thermal comfort for nursing newborn in incubator. This numerical study aims to analyze the effect of overhead screen to the dry heat loss of a newborn nursed in an incubator. The dry heat loss is constrained to radiant and convective heat losses. The conductive heat loss isn’t analyzed as the study is performed in steady state. The numerical study is conducted by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based on physical measurement on AMECARE incubator in Medical Equipment and Calibration Center Surabaya. The numerical calculation is shown for three variation of air setting temperature. The result shows that the presence of overhead screen can reduce the radiant and convective heat losses. The magnitude of dry heat losses reduce down to 6.05, 5.55, and 9.16 Watt respectively for three air setting temperature 32, 33, and 35^oC. The numerical result obtained in this study is well verified to the result of experimental study of 129 VLBW newborn from the literature.

Keywords: VLBW newborn, dry heat loss, CFD, incubator, overhead screen.   .

DYE –SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS (DSC)

Hey All,

posting kali ini merupakan salah satu topik riset yang akan saya kembangkan untuk tesis, yaitu sel surya berpewarna tersensitisasi atau lebih beken disebut Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSC). Apa itu?? nah daripada penasaran, yuk bareng-bareng simak penjelasan berikut... Happy reading ya.. semoga bermanfaat, :D

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Perkembangan sel surya saat ini tidak hanya pada sel surya berbasis wafer silicon saja (a-Si, mono dan poly Si) namun sel surya organik juga telah banyak diteliti untuk kebutuhan sel surya yang murah dan mudah dibuat.

Sejarah dan Perkembangan DSC

Pada tahun 1991, Michael Grätzel dan Brian O’Regan telah menemukan “Dye-sensitized Solar Cells” yang biasa disebut sel Grätzel. Sel pertama hanya dapat digunakan untuk spektrum ultraviolet dan biru pada cahaya matahari. Seiring perkembangan jaman, kemajuan teknologi mampu memperlebar frekuensi cahaya dimana sel surya ini mampu merespon cahaya matahari dengan memanfaatkan bahan dye tertentu. Bahan dye yang paling efisien secara mudah disebut dengan dye hitam karena warna dari dye yang sangat gelap.

Meskipun solar sel berbasis silicon saat ini lebih efisien, DSC tetap banyak dikembangkan karena proses manufakturnya yang mudah dan jauh lebih murah. Efisiensi secara keseluruhan penemuan dan penelitian DSC mampu mencapai 11% dengan memanfaatkan titanium dioksida (TiO₂). Saat ini peneliti pada Universitas Washington menemukan teknik baru  yang mengadopsi metode bola popcorn. Ketika cahaya mengenai permukaan sel surya, beberapa persen cahaya dipantulkan. Ide pada efek bola popcorn  adalah membuat sebanyak  mungkin lapisan sangat tipis, sehingga efisiensi keluaran sel surya dapat berlipat ganda. 

Pada pengujian metode bola popcorn, peneliti takjub telah menemukan cara menaikkan efisiensi sel surya berbasis seng dioksida dari 2,9% menjadi lebih dari 6%. Peningkatan efisiensi dari DSC ini membuat posisi sel surya ini menjadi lebih siap untuk segera dikomersiilkan bersama produk pengkonversi energi lain. Pada masa yang akan datang diharapkan efisiensi DSC dapat lebih ditingkatkan lagi.

SCIENTIFIC PAPER (Part: Introduction)

Hi all,

today I'll share to you all about the course I got in experimental design. It is about how to write scientific paper correctly so that it can be published in international journal and accredited national journal with high impact factor. In this section, it'll introduce the important role of INTRODUCTION as one & the first part of paper. Okay, then have a nice read...

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Scientific paper is written as the result of research. How to start the research?? Let's check it out:

1. Determine the research topic & join the community (association & list of respective journal)

2. Set the target for publishing research paper

3. Start it now!!!

4. Work, Work, and Work.

Important notes to write down the scientific paper is nearly listed below:

• You need to construct an introduction that put your work in context for your readers and tells them why it is important.
• Your method section must have readers in no doubt what you did and must enable them to reproduce your work if they want to.
• You must present your results so that they can be easily understood and discuss your finding so that readers appreciate the implications of your work.

"Almost all good writing begins with terrible first effort. You need to start somewhere. Start by getting something - anything - down on paper. A friend of mine says that the first draft is the down draft - you just get it down. The second draft is the up draft - you fix it up."

Anne Lamott

Germany Lifestyle

The Habit of Germany

Hi all,  I back to give you  some information about the habit of the people in Germany while the spend their leisure time. I just found a good article by Peter Wozny in "Deutsch Welle" that briefly describe all about it. Okay, check this out then, 've a nice read guys...

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Leisure Is an Active Pursuit

" For Germans, recreation doesn’t necessarily mean lounging around. In its free time, the nation likes to take part in strenuous athletic activities -- most of them very well organized."

Nordic Walking is trendy sport that easy on the joints

“Get up and get out” has always been a key saying for Germans looking to fill their free time. But while tending a small patch of community garden used to represent the epitome of German life, that image changed long ago. Today, Germans love to travel. In 2007, some 65 percent of them went away for at least five days of vacation, according to tourism analysts. City getaways, sports trips, and wellness weekends are gaining in popularity.

Leisure gives economy a boost

     When they’re not traveling, many Germans spend the rest of the year getting fit for vacation through one kind of fitness training or another. Germans work out at least once a week, statistics show. Jogging, Nordic Walking, skating, and cycling are all popular, but Germans also enjoy unusual sports such as bungee jumping, deep sea fishing, and boxing.

     All this leisure activity is a boon for the economy. Every private home invests around 250 euros ($330) each month in leisure, according to official statistics. That’s nearly 12 percent of annual income. Many businesses have decided to capitalize on this, starting with amusement parks and other leisure attractions.

Bradenburg, tropical beach is housed in a huge dome

   

     Amusement parks and attractions have become increasingly specialized in recent years. An indoor ski run is built inside a run-down industrial center; tropical beaches are developed on farmland in Brandenburg; an old warehouse becomes an alpine climbing landscape. Germans can play golf in the middle of the city, visit enormous aquariums, attend musical events and dine at theme restaurants.

 A different kind of club scene

      Civic clubs are also very popular in Germany. Local soccer clubs, a bowling group, a singing club, a public-safety group; club life here is well developed and well organized. Attending one club or another always was, and still is, the most common leisure time activity in Germany. Twenty-three million Germans are members of one club or another.

     However, all this may be drawing to an end. Sociologists are predicting a strong decrease in active and outdoor leisure activities, as home-based leisure grows in importance. Modern-day work hours mean families have increasingly less free time to spend together, so the little free time that exists will be spent at home, they predict.

     If they are right, it may be that Germans will continue to love their free time -- but will simply spend less of it active and outdoors.

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source: http://dw-world.de